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The 10 Most Common Vision Problems
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An estimated three out of four people wear some form of corrective lenses, according to the Vision Impact Institute. Even though so many people wear glasses and contacts, corrective lenses can't treat a variety of vision problems. Learn more about the most common vision problems, their symptoms and some possible treatments.
Astigmatism
Astigmatism is one of the most common vision problems and can affect people of all ages. The most prominent symptom of this condition is blurred vision at all distances. This is due to an irregularly shaped cornea, which causes light rays to fall unevenly on the surface of the retina. People with astigmatism are usually born with this condition.
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Cataracts
The lens of your eye is normally clear. This allows the light rays to reach the retina. When a person develops cataracts, the lens becomes cloudy, impairing vision. The size and shape of cataracts vary from person to person. This condition is most common in people over the age of 55. Cataracts usually affect both eyes, but one eye may be more or less affected than the other.
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Amblyopia
Amblyopia is more commonly referred to as "lazy eye" and is a condition that affects between two and five percent of preschoolers. It's the most common vision problem in childhood. With amblyopia, the eye and the brain fail to work together. The condition is treatable, but if left untreated, it can cause more severe vision problems.
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Macular Degeneration
Macular degeneration is the most common vision disorder and is the leading cause of vision loss. It affects more than 10 million people in the United States. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this disease. With macular degeneration, there is a deterioration of the central part of the retina. As a result, patients lose their central vision but may maintain their peripheral vision. They are considered legally blind as this vision disorder makes it nearly impossible to read, drive a car and recognize fine details.
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Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a vision problem that occurs when increased fluid and pressure in the eye affect the optic nerve. Treatment can help slow or halt the progression of glaucoma, but there is no treatment for this condition. The increased intraocular pressure can lead to permanent vision loss if patients don't seek treatment.
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Strabismus
Strabismus is an eye condition that commonly affects children, but can affect people of any age. With strabismus, patients have one eye that turns inward or outward, and they experience problems with their eyes working together as a pair. Patients may experience wandering eye, crossed eyes, vision only in one eye or blurred vision. Many patients outgrow this vision problem, but others require treatment.
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Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is a vision problem that affects patients diagnosed with diabetes. Diabetes affects the retina and blood vessels in the eyes, leading to blurred vision, floaters, pain and pressure in the eye. Eye doctors can detect diabetic retinopathy early for patients who receive an annual eye vision exam. Treatment can prevent or slow vision loss as can controlling blood glucose and blood pressure levels.
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Myopia
Myopia is the medical term for nearsightedness. Patients with myopia can see things close up but have trouble seeing objects far away. This happens because the cornea is too curved or the eyeball is too long. The change in shape makes the light focus in front of the retina rather than directly on the retina, leading to blurred vision. An eye chart for a vision test helps optometrists determine how severe the condition is.
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Hyperopia
Hyperopia is the medical term for farsightedness. In this condition, the cornea is too flat or the eyeball is too short. As a result, light focuses behind the retina and makes it hard to see objects that are nearby. With severe hyperopia, patients may have trouble seeing objects at any distance, not just far away objects.
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Presbyopia
Presbyopia is an age-related vision problem. As people age, the cornea loses its ability to change shape to focus on objects at different distances. Patients have trouble seeing things close up and often require reading glasses to focus on objects.
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